本章节主要为框架添加一些其他组件，比如优化testcase，添加自动截图组件，添加一个页签等操作

执行一次用例前、用例后
在运行用例的时候，我们发现如果我们有俩个用例，那他会启动俩次浏览器，我们想要启动一次浏览器然后执行用例，该怎么办呢？
将setUp方法更改为：setUpClass，将tearDown方法更改为tearDownClass。
这样再次运行为启动一次。

注意：要为setUpClass、tearDownClass方法添加注释：@classmethod

# 用例执行前
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
    print('用例执行前')
    # 打开浏览器
    cls.driver = be.open_browser(cls, '百度搜索')
    # 调用页面
    cls.search = SearchPage(cls.driver)
    # 隐式等待30,设置一次即可
    cls.search.wait(30)

报错自动截图
在用例运行期间，我们会碰到用例错误的情况，不可能人为去观察并手动截图，这时我们需要为我们的框架添加遇到错误自动截图的功能。
在项目uitest下新建‘errorimg’文件夹用来保存错误截图。
获取目录：
在‘getfileposition’文件中新建

# 获取错误截图目录
def geterrorimgpath():
    path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__)) + '/errorimg'
    return path

打开‘base_page’文件编写一个截图的函数：

 #截图
    def saveerrorimg(self,casename):
        #自定义截图名称
        nowTime = time.strftime("%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S")
        self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(gf.geterrorimgpath()+'/{name}.jpg'.format(name=casename+'_'+nowTime))

在‘base_page’中的所有函数中的except中添加这个方法‘saveerrorimg('函数名')’，如下：

# 点击元素
def click(self, selector):
    selector_desc = selector.split('=>')[2]
    el = self.find_element(selector)
    try:
        el.click()
        logger.info("点击了( {desc} )元素".format(desc=selector_desc))
        self.sleep(2)
    except NameError as e:
        logger.error("点击元素出现出错:%s" % e)
        self.saveerrorimg('click')

然后修改SearchPage把一个元素改成不存在的运行用例后，会有一张截图保存在errorimg下面。

basepage中的错误已经全部截图，下来我们需要将用例（testcase）中断言失败的地方进行截图。
打开‘test_search’文件修改test_searchnull用例:

# 输入空
def test_searchnull(self):
    self.tsearch('')
    # 捕捉AssertionError异常
    try:
        self.assertEqual('https://www.baidu.com/1', self.search.get_page_url())
        # logger.critical('用例通过')
    except AssertionError as e:
        # 定义为用例失败,主动抛出异常并截图
        self.search.saveerrorimg(sys._getframe().f_code.co_name)
        # 主动抛出异常
        logger.critical('用例失败：{fail}'.format(fail=e))
        raise
    else:
        logger.critical('用例通过')

我将url后面加了个1，这样就会报错，报错之后就会自动截图调用self.search.saveerrorimg函数到指定的文件夹中。
同时也将test_searchtest改成以上的格式。

继续在basepage中添加常用的公共方法
这里大概新增了表单提交、鼠标悬停在一个元素上（hover）、按下鼠标左键在一个元素上、鼠标拖放、刷新页面、切换浏览器handle，直接贴完整的base_page:

"""
@Author:Misty rain(ZhangHao)
@E-mail:676817831@qq.com
@FileName:base_page.py
@Software:PyCharm
@Desc:页面元素继承类
"""
import time
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

from commont.getlog import logger
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import commont.getfileposition as gf


class BasePage(object):

    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver

    def quit_browser(self):
        self.driver.quit()
        logger.info("退出浏览器")

    def forward(self):
        self.driver.forward()
        logger.info("浏览器前进")

    def back(self):
        self.driver.back()
        logger.info("浏览器后退")

    def wait(self, seconds):
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(seconds)
        logger.info("隐式等待-%d-秒" % seconds)

    # 定义静态方法，不需要传入self
    @staticmethod
    def sleep(seconds):
        time.sleep(seconds)
        # logger.info("模拟暂停-%s-秒" % str(seconds))

    # 获取当前网页的标题
    def get_page_title(self):
        logger.info("当前的网页标题是:%s" % self.driver.title)
        return self.driver.title

    # 获取当前网页url
    def get_page_url(self):
        logger.info("当前的网页url是:%s" % self.driver.current_url)
        return self.driver.current_url

    # 最基本的查找元素方法
    def find_element(self, selector):
        """
         这个地方根据=>来切割字符串:
         xpath=>***=>描述
        """
        element = ''
        if '=>' not in selector:
            return self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector)
        selector_by = selector.split('=>')[0]
        selector_value = selector.split('=>')[1]
        selector_desc = selector.split('=>')[2]
        if selector_by == "i" or selector_by == 'id':
            try:
                element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector_value)
                logger.info('已找到-{value}-元素：{ys}'.format(value=selector_value, ys=selector_desc))
            except NoSuchElementException as e:
                logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e)
                self.saveerrorimg('NoSuchElementException')
        elif selector_by == "n" or selector_by == 'name':
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_name(selector_value)
            logger.info('已找到-{value}-元素：{ys}'.format(value=selector_value, ys=selector_desc))
        elif selector_by == "c" or selector_by == 'class_name':
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(selector_value)
            logger.info('已找到-{value}-元素：{ys}'.format(value=selector_value, ys=selector_desc))
        elif selector_by == "l" or selector_by == 'link_text':
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(selector_value)
            logger.info('已找到-{value}-元素：{ys}'.format(value=selector_value, ys=selector_desc))
        elif selector_by == "p" or selector_by == 'partial_link_text':
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(selector_value)
            logger.info('已找到-{value}-元素：{ys}'.format(value=selector_value, ys=selector_desc))
        elif selector_by == "t" or selector_by == 'tag_name':
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_tag_name(selector_value)
            logger.info('已找到-{value}-元素：{ys}'.format(value=selector_value, ys=selector_desc))
        elif selector_by == "xs" or selector_by == 'xpaths':
            element = self.driver.find_elements_by_xpath(selector_value)
            logger.info('已找到-{value}-元素：{ys}'.format(value=selector_value, ys=selector_desc))
        elif selector_by == "css" or selector_by == 'css_selector':
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value)
            logger.info('已找到-{value}-元素：{ys}'.format(value=selector_value, ys=selector_desc))
        elif selector_by == "id" or selector_by == 'id':
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector_value)
            logger.info('已找到-{value}-元素：{ys}'.format(value=selector_value, ys=selector_desc))
        elif selector_by == "x" or selector_by == 'xpath':
            try:
                element = self.driver.find_element(By.XPATH, selector_value)
                # element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(selector_value)
                logger.info('已找到-{value}-元素：{ys}'.format(value=selector_value, ys=selector_desc))
                self.sleep(1)
            except NoSuchElementException as e:
                logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e)
                self.saveerrorimg('NoSuchElementException')
        elif selector_by == "s" or selector_by == 'selector_selector':
            element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value)
        else:
            self.saveerrorimg('元素类型有误')
            raise NameError("请输入有效的元素类型")
        return element

    # 定义元素基本方法
    def type(self, selector, text):
        selector_desc = selector.split('=>')[2]
        el = self.find_element(selector)
        el.clear()
        try:
            el.send_keys(text)
            logger.info('( {desc} )输入框输入了：{text}'.format(desc=selector_desc, text=text))
            self.sleep(2)
        except NameError as e:
            logger.error("输入框输入错误:%s" % text)
            self.saveerrorimg('type')

    # 获取控件内容
    def get_elementtext(self, selector):
        selector_desc = selector.split('=>')[2]
        el = ''
        try:
            el = self.find_element(selector)
            logger.info('已获取( {desc} )的值：{text}'.format(desc=selector_desc, text=el))
            self.sleep(2)
            return el
        except NameError as e:
            logger.error("输入框获取值失败：%s" % e)
            self.saveerrorimg('get_elementtext')
        return el

    # 清除文本框
    def clear(self, selector):
        el = self.find_element(selector)
        try:
            el.clear()
            logger.info("清除当前文本框")
        except NameError as e:
            logger.error("清除了文本框错误:%s" % e)
            self.saveerrorimg('clear')

    # 点击元素
    def click(self, selector):
        selector_desc = selector.split('=>')[2]
        el = self.find_element(selector)
        try:
            el.click()
            logger.info("点击了( {desc} )元素".format(desc=selector_desc))
            self.sleep(2)
        except NameError as e:
            logger.error("点击元素出现出错:%s" % e)
            self.saveerrorimg('click')

    # 截图
    def saveerrorimg(self, casename):
        # 自定义截图名称
        nowTime = time.strftime("%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S")
        self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(gf.geterrorimgpath() + '/{name}.png'.format(name=casename + '_' + nowTime))
        logger.error(
            '错误截图已保存到：{png}'.format(png=gf.geterrorimgpath() + '/{name}.png'.format(name=casename + '_' + nowTime)))

    # 表单提交
    def formsubmission(self, selector):
        selector_desc = selector.split('=>')[2]
        el = self.find_element(selector)
        try:
            el.submit()
            logger.info("提交表单:( {desc} )".format(desc=selector_desc))
            self.sleep(3)
        except NameError as e:
            logger.error("提交表单出错:%s" % e)
            self.saveerrorimg('formsubmission')

    # 鼠标悬停在一个元素上（hover）
    def mouseover(self, selector):
        selector_desc = selector.split('=>')[2]
        el = self.find_element(selector)
        try:
            ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(el).perform()
            logger.info("鼠标悬停在元素:( {desc} )".format(desc=selector_desc))
            self.sleep(3)
        except NameError as e:
            logger.error("鼠标悬停在元素出错:%s" % e)
            self.saveerrorimg('mouseover')

    # 按下鼠标左键在一个元素上
    def leftmouse(self, selector):
        selector_desc = selector.split('=>')[2]
        el = self.find_element(selector)
        try:
            ActionChains(self.driver).click_and_hold(el).perform()
            logger.info("鼠标左键点击元素:( {desc} )".format(desc=selector_desc))
            self.sleep(3)
        except NameError as e:
            logger.error("鼠标左键点击元素出错:%s" % e)
            self.saveerrorimg('leftmouse')

    # 鼠标拖放
    def draganddropmouse(self, selector1, selector2):
        selector_desc1 = selector1.split('=>')[2]
        selector_desc2 = selector2.split('=>')[2]
        el1 = self.find_element(selector1)
        el2 = self.find_element(selector1)
        try:
            ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop(el1, el2).perform()
            logger.info("鼠标按下:( {desc} )".format(desc=selector_desc1))
            logger.info("鼠标释放:( {desc} )".format(desc=selector_desc2))
            self.sleep(3)
        except NameError as e:
            logger.error("鼠标拖放出错:%s" % e)
            self.saveerrorimg('draganddropmouse')

    # 刷新页面
    def refresh(self):
        self.driver.refresh()
        logger.info('刷新当前页面')

    # 切换浏览器handle
    def switchwindow(self):
        # 获取当前窗口
        handle = self.driver.current_window_handle
        # 获取浏览器所有窗口
        handles = self.driver.window_handles
        for newhandle in handles:
            if newhandle != handle:
                # 切换窗口b
                self.driver.switch_to_window(newhandle)
                logger.info('切换到窗口：{window}'.format(window=newhandle))
                # 返回窗口driver
                return self.driver